Hyphens provide clarity and avoid ambiguity. The decision about whether or not to use a hyphen is often based on the context.
Use hyphens:
- If the following word starts with the same vowel (de-emphasise)
However, some double vowel usages (coordinate, cooperate) have now become accepted. You can also use a hyphen if the word following has a different vowel but would look and sound odd (de-ice not deice). - To clarify meaning
A hyphen is used to distinguish new words from established words with different meanings (re-cover and recover). Hyphens are used with recent formations of words (co-writer and e-commerce), whether or not the following word starts with a vowel. Many e-words have already dropped the hyphen (e-mail is now email). - With words that are often used together (bitter-sweet, mother-in-law, part-time)
- With compound words
A compound word consists of two or more words that together carry a new meaning. Often they start as two words, then are hyphenated and finally become one word (take over, take-over, takeover). - with two or more words that describe the noun that follows (long-term plan). However, you do not use a hyphen if the same words do not precede a noun (in the long term).
Online grammar programs
If you want to learn more about grammar, register for one of Mary’s online grammar courses at www.onlinewritingtraining.com.au
